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Small Molecules in Drug Development: From Bench to Bedside  

Pharmaceutical innovation continues to be driven by small molecules. Their relatively simple structure, ease of synthesis, and stability under physiological conditions make them ideal drug candidates. Once identified, these compounds undergo optimization, toxicity testing, and clinical validation a process increasingly supported by high-throughput screening and automation. Moreover, small molecules can often be taken orally, offering a patient-friendly delivery method compared to injections or infusions required for biologics. The ability to target intracellular components unreachable by larger biologics also gives small molecules a unique advantage in treating complex diseases at their molecular roots.